The Embodied Nature of Motor Imagery Processes Highlighted by Short-Term Limb Immobilization

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The Embodied Nature of Motor Imagery Processes Highlighted
by Short-Term Limb Immobilization

 Aurore Meugnot, Yves Almecija, and Lucette Toussaint
Maison des Sciences de l’Homme et de la Société, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l’Apprentissage (CERCA, CNRS, 7295), Poitiers, France

Experimental Psychology 2014; Vol. 61(3):180–186 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000237 

Abstract. We investigated the embodied nature of motor imagery processes through a recent use-dependent plasticity approach, a short-term limb immobilization paradigm. A splint placed on the participants’ left-hand during a brief period of 24 h was used for immobilization. The immobilized participants performed two mental rotation tasks (a hand mental rotation task and a number mental rotation task) before (pre-test) and immediately after (post-test) the splint removal. The control group did not undergo the immobilization procedure. The main results showed an immobilization-induced effect on left-hand stimuli, resulting in a lack of task-repetition benefit. By contrast, accuracy was higher and response times were shorter for right-hand stimuli. No immobilization-induced effects appeared for number stimuli. These results revealed that the cognitive representation of hand movements can be modified by a brief period of sensorimotor deprivation, supporting the hypothesis of the embodied nature of motor simulation processes.
Keywords: embodiment, motor imagery, sensorimotor deprivation, hand immobilization


『短期間上肢固定による運動イメージプロセスにおける身体性の性質』


和訳：私達は最近の使用依存性可塑性アプローチ、短期的四肢不動化パラダイムを通じた運動イメージプロセスの身体性の性質を調べた。参加者の左手をスプリントを用いて24時間固定した。固定された参加者は、固定する前（試験前）および固定除去直後（試験後）に2回のメンタルローテーションタスク（ハンドメンタルローテーションタスクおよびナンバーメンタルローテーションタスク）を行った。対照群は、固定処置を受けなかった。主な結果は、左手の刺激に対する固定による誘発効果を示し、課題の反復による反応時間に変化はなかった。対照的に、右手の刺激では精度が高く、反応時間が短かった。数字の刺激に対しては、固定による誘発効果は現れなかった。これらの結果から、手の運動の認知的表現は、短い期間の感覚運動喪失によって修正され得ることが明らかになり、運動シミュレーションプロセスにおける身体性性質の仮説を支持する結果となった。

 コメント：learned non-useは長期的な経過で起こると考えられるがその予防も重要。短期間でも不動になるとどんなデメリットがあるのか？短期的な身体の感覚運動喪失により、ハンドメンタルローテーションを用いて固定していた側の運動イメージが低下してることを示唆する結果となった。このことから、脳卒中急性期で四肢が動かなくなった際には単純に麻痺だけでなく、脳内での運動シュミレーションの過程に問題が起こることが考えられる(もちろん脳損傷によるネットワークという構造上の問題があるが、健常者でも1日の不動で運動イメージの低下が起こるのであれば脳卒中患者ではより顕著な低下があるかもしれない)。脳卒中急性期からの介入においては、やはり早期から感覚情報や運動(自動に勝るものはないが多動でも)により麻痺肢に対するアプローチ・本人・家族指導をする事が身体性(Embodied)や運動イメージなどの観点からも重要であると言える。医療費が膨らみ、患者の入院日数が短くなり在宅への移行が早まる傾向にある昨今においては、在宅に行ってからのマネジメントも勿論重要だがスタートである急性期での介入もまた重要視したい。learned non-useに至らないような介入マネジメントの背景として、今回の知見も参考にしたいところ。

 Hand mental rotation task
Toussaint, L., & Meugnot, A. (2013). Short-term limb immo- bilization affects cognitive motor processes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cogni- tion, 39, 623–632. doi: 10.1037/a0028942 
Number mental rotation task

Toussaint, L., & Meugnot, A. (2013). Short-term limb immo- bilization affects cognitive motor processes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cogni- tion, 39, 623–632. doi: 10.1037/a0028942 

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